In the perfect case, the film can, therefore, have only the color-forming layers having its proper coloring of blue, greenish, and, like most of us are accustomed to say, the reddish part of the band, which later forms the image. In other words, each layer should accumulate radiation only from the corresponding part of its range with no or configurations of the radiation in the rest of the band.

In a real film any of the emulsion layers takes not only the band just created for it, and some radiation from other parts of the range, with the result that just leads to how we used to say, grayish color, and distortion as most of us always says, the color balance. And do not even have to say about that color, as people are used to express, bad film, finally, disguised in order to reduce these distortions. Everyone knows that in the process of manifestation, in addition to the main layers color positive mask are formed. It would be bad if we did not note that usually the films have two or three masking layers. It would be bad if we did not note that the color of the masking layers as it corresponds to the range, as we are constantly talking, unnecessary absorption, respectively, as many believe, the emulsion layers.

For example unnecessary absorption of a purple layer of yellowish color offset by the emergence of masking, as most of us always says, yellowish color.

Usually in the photo, actually, there are follow-up unnecessary, as many put it, the color index:

- Yellow for the purple layer (in the blue spectral range)

- Purple for, like most of us are accustomed to say, the blue layer (in the greenish region of the spectrum)

- Yellow for the blue layer (in the blue spectral range)

In the films with 2 layers of masking a yellowish layer is offset by a purple and purple is by the blue layer. It’s no secret that for the third layer there is a compensation of a yellow one in the blue layer.

Camouflaging is going during the process of manifestation of finally by penetration of masking components in the emulsion layers. Few people know that the color of the mask corresponds to an unnecessary color that you want to fill. Everyone knows that the components of the mask get its own unique color just when entering into reaction with the developer. And do not even need to say that, for example to compensate the yellowish component by the purple layer as it appears a yellow mask, as people are used to express the layer of low density, housed on the contrary, like most of us are accustomed to say, purple image. I’d like to emphasize that the yellowish, as everyone knows, component mask eventually forms a homogeneous yellowish, a layer that is just finally filtered in print.

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Composition- The union of separate elements into a single artistic whole, in which the content is most clearly disclosed in a specific visual form.

Intersecting (diagonal) line – one of the manifestations of the “golden section” in photography. The basic idea – to make the eyes move in a certain direction. The starting point of line is desirable to have in one corner of the frame. It is believed that the upper-left corner is the best starting point because most people begin to view images from this angle. There are other possible locations of lines, but they were clearly defined.

Select an object – you can make setting the lens at a shallow depth of field. Using an open aperture allows you to emphasize the main object and blur the secondary.

Isolation of contrast-gazing at photos of eyes usually focuses on the most contrasting places, and it can be used to attract attention to certain places. In color photography the same role is played by color contrast, a polarizing filter can help to improve color contrast.

Object borders. An interesting effect of using the frame object (the object shot through the arch, shooting out of the cave, etc.).

Isolation of light – allows you to select the desired object, compared to other less-lit. Exposure measurement must be done on the illuminated area.

The use of lines – lines have an emotional impact on the viewer, the curved lines calm, broken lines act as a stimulus; vertical lines give greatness; horizontal – calm and serenity; diagonal – dynamism.

You should avoid straight lines that go beyond the frame, as they divide the frame into parts, or at least have them so that they have not shared the frame into equal parts. As it is desirable that at the end of lines was an object to look did not go beyond the frame.

It is better to place vanishing point of parallel lines outside the center of the frame in perspective.

Method of introducing lines is frequently used – these are lines that originate in one of the lower corners of the image and lead to its semantic center, usually located at the “golden section”. Such a line can be found in almost every story: the path, an elongated object, the line of separation of tones or colors.

Diagonal construction gives the dynamics of the picture. In this case the main line tracks inclined and therefore unstable.

In front of a moving object you must leave more space than behind him.

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Talbot, William Henry Fox (1800-1877), English physicist, chemist, inventor of the negative-positive process of photography (calotype from the Greek. Words kalos – beautiful and typos – the imprint), later it was given the name of talbotype.

The idea of the photographic process was born in a scientist in 1833. Talbot tried to copy the views of nature with a pinhole camera. But he did not possess the skills of drawing.

In 1834 Talbot invented a light-sensitive paper. He fixed the received image with the solution of sodium chloride (common salt) or potassium iodide. First photos of Talbot were simple photogram, ie photocopies obtained by contact. Then he “has combined” the camera obscura with a microscope with natural lighting, and received a positive photographic print from a negative.

In 1835, Talbot recorded a sunbeam. It was a snapshot of a lattice window of his home. Talbot used a paper impregnated with silver chloride. Exposure lasted for an hour.

Talbot received the world’s first negative. Attaching a light-sensitive paper prepared by the same method, he first made a positive impression. The way of shooting an inventor named calotype, meaning “beauty.” So he showed the possibility of replicating shots and tied the future of photography with the world of beauty.

The Talbot invention was called photography and the word “negative” and “positive” began to circulate.

In 1840, scientists discovered that when iodized photo paper (paper with a layer of silver nitrate, sustained in a solution of potassium iodide) to sensitize it with the gallic acid, and then to expose in the camera for a short time, then it will be a hidden image which can then display a mixture of gallic acid and nitrate silver. Talbot named his invention calotype.

Calotype of Talbot and Daguerreotype of Daguerre had fundamental differences. In a daguerreotype a positive, the mirroring image on a silver plate appeared at once. This simplifies the process, but it makes impossible to copy. In the first calotype was fabricated negative, from which one could make any number of positive impressions. Therefore calotype is much closer to modern photography, despite the fact that the quality of daguerreotypes was much higher than calotype.

In 1843, the first time to make positive seal with the increase, in the same year he opened a printing plant for the manufacture of printing plates of his book The Pencil of Nature (1844-1846) – the world’s first editions, illustrated with photos. In 1851, Talbot spent the first photo shoot with a very small exposure, and the following year patented a method of photographing with the imposition of the “screen” on a photographic plate, which became the forerunner of the method of obtaining a raster gray-scale image.



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